OS: Raspberry Pi OS (32-bit) Lite - 2020-08-20
默认主机名是 raspberrypi 默认用户是 pi 密码为 raspberry
1.开启SSH
2.修改系统语言, 键盘布局
3.解锁root
4.关闭不需要的服务 (Bluetooth, WiFi, avahi)
5.关闭SSH X11Forwarding 监听 6100端口
6.安装 pip
7.切换默认python
开启SSH
使用树莓派自带配置工具
sudo raspi-config
进入 Interfacing Options -> SSH, 选择 YES 启用
修改系统语言, 键盘布局
使用树莓派自带配置工具
sudo raspi-config
进入 Localisation Options 一共有4项
1.Change Locale 设置为 [*] en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 按空格选中
2.Change Time Zone 设置为 Asia -> Shanghai
3.Change Keyboard Layout 设置为 Logitech -> Other -> English (US) -> English (US) 剩下的保持默认即可
解锁root
树莓派的 Raspberry Pi OS (Raspbian) 系统上游是 Debian, 所以树莓派启用 root和Debian是相同的。
Debian里root账户默认没有密码，但账户锁定。
pi@raspberrypi:~$ sudo passwd root pi@raspberrypi:~$ sudo passwd --unlock root
关闭不需要的服务 (Bluetooth, WiFi, avahi)
关闭加载无线驱动
关闭加载蓝牙和WiFi驱动的程序。除了减少接口数量之外，还可以减少功耗。
# cat > /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf <<EOF # WiFi blacklist brcmfmac blacklist brcmutil # Bluetooth blacklist btbcm blacklist hci_uart EOF
关闭蓝牙服务
禁用蓝牙服务不是必须的
# systemctl disable bluetooth # systemctl stop bluetooth
关闭 avahi
The Pi is going to use simple uni-cast DNS - multi-cast DNS support is not required.
# systemctl disable avahi-daemon # systemctl stop avahi-daemon
Disable TriggerHappy 这个是 raspi-config 依赖程序
The Pi isn't being used with button. Disable the TriggerHappy daemon (not that it is a init.d service)
# systemctl disable triggerhappy # systemctl stop triggerhappy
关闭SSH X11Forwarding 监听 6100端口
When I finally finished setting up a new VPS for my side projects, I realized this unknown (at least for me) open port: 6010.
It took me a quick search on Google to find out it was related to the X11 Forwarding feature present on SSH. If you don't need this feature in your server, disabling it is actually very simple.
Edit your SSH server configuration file:
# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Find the line containing the X11Forwarding option and change it to no:
X11Forwarding no
Save the file and restart SSH server:
# service sshd restart
Don't forget to reconnect to server before checking the listening ports again!
# lsof -i4 | grep LISTEN
That's it!
安装 pip
apt-get install python3-pip pip3 install --upgrade pip pip install speedtest-cli
切换默认python
为了更方便地使用python3，我们将其设置为系统默认的版本。为了不破坏 Python2.7 我们采用软链接来使用.
这一步主要是将原有的python2.x版本和python之间的链接删除并添加python3.x的链接。
首先我们查看python2.7和python3的详细版本:
# python --version Python 2.7.16 # python3 --version Python 3.7.3
接下来查看python2.7和python3的编译器位置:
# which python /usr/bin/python # which python3 /usr/bin/python3 # ls /usr/bin/ -all | grep python lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 4 2019 python -> python2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 4 2019 python2 -> python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2984816 Oct 11 2019 python2.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 26 2019 python3 -> python3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4275580 Jul 25 21:03 python3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4275580 Jul 25 21:03 python3.7m lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Mar 26 2019 python3m -> python3.7m
检查软连接关系之后, 建立软链接:
rm -f /usr/bin/python ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
测试
# python --version Python 3.7.3
Disable unwanted Raspbian Services
Disabling port 6010 on Ubuntu 16.04
树莓派——升级为python3.x