旧笔记于 2019年04月08日 整理
因为 CentOS 7上默认的版本是 Python 2.7, 所以我们可以通过添加 IUS 软件源 yum 方式安装 Python 3.6
这个生命周期已经结束了 笔记更新
本笔记于 2022年02月01日 更新
采用编译安装 Python 3.10.2
在找到 centos 8 代替品之前先继续用 centos 7 苟着了, Python 3.10 的 5年支持够用了 End of support 2026-10
旧笔记 yum 方式安装 Python 3.6
# 安装 EPEL 和 IUS 软件源
yum install epel-release
yum install https://repo.ius.io/ius-release-el7.rpm
# 安装 Python3.6 / 安装 pip3
yum install python36u python36u-pip
# 创建 python3 连接符
ln -s /bin/python3.6 /bin/python3
# 创建 pip3 链接符
ln -s /bin/pip3.6 /bin/pip3
# 这样就完成了
# 安装一些常用的支持库
pip3 install requests
pip3 install pymysql
pip3 install xmltodict
pip3 install six新笔记 编译安装 Python 3.10.2
安装编译环境
yum install epel-release centos-release-scl -y
yum install devtoolset-9-gcc* -y
yum groupinstall "Development tools" -y
# Python 3.10.2 依赖
yum install bzip2-devel ncurses-devel gdbm-devel xz-devel sqlite-devel tk-devel libffi-devel libuuid-devel readline-devel zlib-devel openssl11 openssl11-devel -y特别注意事项
- Python 3.10 最低版本 OpenSSL 1.1.1
Python 将 OpenSSL 用于加密相关功能，例如 https 通信和消息摘要创建。
以前，OpenSSL 版本 1.0.2 或更高版本在 Python 中可用，但从 Python 3.10 开始，需要 OpenSSL 1.1.1 或更高版本
CentOS 7 系统中使用 OpenSSL 1.0.2，所以如果你想安装 Python 3.10，你需要从 EPEL 安装 OpenSSL 1.1.1。下载 Python 3.10 源代码并解压缩存档后，使用以下命令安装并构建 OpenSSL 1.1.1:
yum install epel-release
yum install openssl11 openssl11-devel
export CFLAGS=$(pkg-config --cflags openssl11)
export LDFLAGS=$(pkg-config --libs openssl11)
./configure
make
make install- Python 3.10 需要 gcc 版本大于 5.3
使用系统自带的 gcc 编译会遇到这个错误 gcc: error: unrecognized command line option ‘-fno-semantic-interposition’
我们使用 devtoolset-9 中的 gcc 9.3.1 编译 Python 3.10
[root@centos7 ~]# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
[root@centos7 ~]# scl enable devtoolset-9 "gcc --version"
gcc (GCC) 9.3.1 20200408 (Red Hat 9.3.1-2)
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.- 依赖包对应关系
bzip2-devel _bz2
ncurses-devel _curses _curses_panel
gdbm-devel _dbm _gdbm
xz-devel _lzma
sqlite-devel _sqlite3
tk-devel _tkinter
libffi-devel _ctypes
libuuid-devel _uuid
readline-devel readline
zlib-devel zlib
openssl11-devel _hashlib _ssl
# 缺失的依赖库可以对应安装
Python build finished successfully!
The necessary bits to build these optional modules were not found:
_bz2 _curses _curses_panel
_dbm _gdbm _lzma
_uuid _sqlite3 _tkinter
readline zlib
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.
The following modules found by detect_modules() in setup.py, have been
built by the Makefile instead, as configured by the Setup files:
_abc pwd time
Failed to build these modules:
_hashlib _ssl
Could not build the ssl module!
Python requires a OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer
Custom linker flags may require --with-openssl-rpath=auto下载 Python 3.10.2 源码
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.2/Python-3.10.2.tar.xz
tar xf Python-3.10.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.10.2编译安装 Python 3.10.2
# 设置编译使用 openssl 1.1.1 依赖库
sed -i 's/PKG_CONFIG openssl /PKG_CONFIG openssl11 /g' configure
scl enable devtoolset-9 "./configure --enable-optimizations"
scl enable devtoolset-9 "make -j"
# 检查编译完成 版本号
[root@centos7 Python-3.10.2]# ./python --version
Python 3.10.2
# 安装到系统 会执行 commoninstall、bininstall、maninstall 会创建符号链接
make install
[root@centos7 ~]# ls -all /usr/local/bin | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 31 12:43 python3 -> python3.10
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23504344 Jan 31 12:43 python3.10
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3116 Jan 31 12:39 python3.10-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 31 12:43 python3-config -> python3.10-config
# 只执行 commoninstall 不会创建软链和手册相关信息
make altinstall
[root@centos7 ~]# ls -all /usr/local/bin | grep python
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23504344 Jan 31 12:43 python3.10
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3116 Jan 31 12:39 python3.10-config
# 创建软连接
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.10 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.10-config /usr/local/bin/python3-config
# 默认安装位置 /usr/local/lib
[root@centos7 ~]# tree -L 1 /usr/local/lib
/usr/local/lib
├── libpython3.10.a
├── pkgconfig
└── python3.10更新 pip3
python3 -m pip install --upgrade pipPython 3.10の新機能(その8） OpenSSL 1.1.1が必須に
How to link python3 to use openssl11 / or latest version of openssl (1.1.1) on centos 7
Can't build Twisted==20.3.0 on Linux using gcc 4.8.5
Can't build optional modules readline and _curses when compiling Python3.4 from source on CentOS7
Python安装：make install和make altinstall的差别